COMPOSITION:
2 mg Dexamethasone base (as sodium phosphate)
Action: Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticosteroid with a strong antiphlogistic, antiallergic, antistress and gluconeogenetic action in horses, dogs and cats.
INDICATIONS:
Stress, shock and allergic reactions. Inflammatory joint lesions, arthritis, bursitis, tendovaginitis, lymphangitis and laminitis. Eczema, atypical inflammation reactions of the skin, asthma, and partus induction.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Administration during viral infections, osteoporosis, heart, kidney, or liver disturbances, late pregnancy, lactating animals, diabetes mellitus.
SIDE-EFFECTS:
Decreased milk production If used for a long time, decreased resistance against infections, delayed wound healing, muscle atrophy, myopathy or osteoporosis may occur.
WARNINGS:
Except in emergency situations, the product should not be used in animals suffering from diabetes, chronic nephritis, renal disease, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis and in viral infections during the viraemic stage.
General Warnings:
1. Anti inflammatory corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, are known to exert a wide range of side effects. Whilst single high doses are generally well tolerated, they may induce severe side effects in long term use and when esters possessing a long duration of action are administered. Dosage in medium to long term use should therefore generally be kept to the minimum necessary to control clinical signs.
2. Steroids themselves, during treatment, may cause Cushinoid symptoms involving significant alteration of fat, carbohydrate, protein and mineral metabolism, e.g. redistribution of body fat, muscle weakness and wastage and osteoporosis may result.
3. During therapy effective doses suppress the hypothalamo-pituitreal-adrenal axis. Following cessation of treatment, signs of adrenal insufficiency extending to adrenocortical atrophy can arise and this may render the animal unable to deal adequately with stressful situations. Consideration should therefore be given to means of minimizing problems of adrenal insufficiency following the withdrawal of treatment, e.g. dosing to coincide with the time of the endogenous cortisol peak (i.e. in the morning with regard to dogs and the evening re cats) and a gradual reduction of dosage (for further information see standard texts).
4. Systematically administered corticosteroids may cause polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia, particularly during the early stages of therapy. Some corticosteroids may cause sodium and water retention and hypokalaemia in long term use. Systemic corticosteroids have caused deposition of calcium in the skin (calcinosis cutis).
5. Corticosteroids are not recommended for use in pregnant animals. Administration in early pregnancy is known to have caused foetal abnormalities in laboratory animals. Administration in late pregnancy may cause early parturition or abortion.
6. If the product is used for induction of parturition in cattle a high incidence of retained placentae may be experienced and possible subsequent metritis and/or abortion.
7. Corticosteroids may delay wound healing and the immunosuppressant actions may weaken resistance to or exacerbate existing infections. In the presence of bacterial infection, antibacterial drug cover is usually required when steroids are used. In the presence of viral infections, steroids may worsen or hasten the progress of the disease.
8. Gastrointestinal ulceration has been reported in animals treated with corticosteroids and g.i.t. ulceration may be exacerbated by steroids in patients given non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and in animals with spinal cord trauma. Steroids may cause enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly) with increased serum hepatic enzymes.
9. Care should be taken when the product is used for the product is used for the treatment of laminitis in horses, where there is the possibility that such treatment could worsen the condition. The use of the product in horses for other conditions could induce laminitis and careful observations during the treatment period should be made.
10. Use of the product in lactating cows may cause a reduction in milk yield.
11. During a course of treatment the situation should be reviewed frequently by close veterinary supervision.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:
For animal treatment only.
Shake well before use. For intramuscular, intravenous or intra-articular administration:
Horses: 5 - 15 ml (I.M. or I.V.)
Dogs, cats: 0.25-1 ml (I.M. or I.V.)
Local Therapy: 1-5 ml (intra-articular)
For small animals: periaticular injection
